{"@context": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/LinkedPasts/linked-places/master/linkedplaces-context-v1.1.jsonld", "type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"@id": "https://openatlas.maps-of-power.at/api/entity/117027", "type": "Feature", "crmClass": "crm:E21 Person", "systemClass": "person", "viewClass": "actor", "properties": {"title": "Lazaros"}, "descriptions": [{"value": "\u0392: F\u00fcrst d. Serben u. d. Donaul\u00e4nder, 1371 - 1389-06-15; Stavilac (\u1f10\u03c0\u1f76 \u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u1f73\u03b6\u03b7\u03c2 od. Domestikos \u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u1f73\u03b6\u03b7\u03c2) d. \u039f\u1f54\u03c1\u03b5\u03c3\u03b9\u03c2 \u03a3\u03c4\u1f73\u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 (Stefan IV. Du\u0161an), vor 1355; Gefolgsmann d. \u039f\u1f54\u03c1\u03b5\u03c3\u03b9\u03c2 \u03a3\u03c4\u1f73\u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 (Uro\u0161 V.), 1355 - 1371; Despot (serb.), zw. 1363 - 1371 - 1389-06-15; Stifter d. Kl\u00f6ster Ravanica/NSerbien u. Lazarevica u. Gornjak/N-Serbien u. Dren\u010da, zw. 1376 - 1382 \r\nD: * um 1329 in Priljepac bei Novo Brdo/Kosovo . \u2020 1389-06-15 (gefangengenommen und hingerichtet) in der Schlacht auf d. Kosovo polje. \r\nV: S. d. Pribac Hrebeljanovi\u0107, Logothetes d. \u039f\u1f54\u03c1\u03b5\u03c3\u03b9\u03c2 \u03a3\u03c4\u1f73\u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 (Stefan IV. Dusan). B. d. Dragana. Schw. d. Musa, Celnik. Heir. \u0395\u1f50\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u1f77\u03b1 (Milica, F\u00fcrstin) ca. 1353. SchwS. d. Vratko, F\u00fcrst. V. d. \u03a3\u03c4\u1f73\u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 (Stefan Lazarevi\u0107, Despot) u. d. Vuk u. d. \u039c\u1f71\u03c1\u03c9 (Mara) u. d. Jelena u. d. \u039c\u03b1\u03c1\u1f77\u03b1 (\u039c\u1f7b\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd). Hatte noch mindestens zwei weitere T\u00f6chter. SchwV. d. B\u03bf\u1fe6\u03bb\u03ba\u03bf\u03c2 (Vuk Brankovi\u0107) u. d. Djuradj II. Stracimirovi\u0107 Balsi\u0107 u. d. \u03a3\u03bf\u1f7b\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 (Ivan II. Sisman) u. d. Nikola Gorjanski (Miklo\u015b II. Garai, Banus d. Ma\u010dva) u. d. \u03a0\u03b1\u03ca\u03b1\u03b6\u1f77\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 (B\u0101yez\u012bd I., Sultan). GV. (u. a.) d. B\u03bf\u1fe6\u03bb\u03ba\u03bf\u03c2 \u0393\u03b5\u1f7d\u03c1\u03b3\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 (Djuradj Brankovi\u0107, Despot). UrGV. (u. a.) d. \u039b\u1f71\u03b6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 (Lazar, Teilherrscher, Despot) u. d. \u03a3\u03c4\u1f73\u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 (Stefan, Despot) u. d. \u0393\u03bf\u1f7b\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2 (Grgur) u. d. \u039c\u1f71\u03c1\u03c9 (Mara, Sultanin). \r\nI: Wurde von der serbischen Kirche bald nach seinem Tode als Heiliger kanonisiert. Sein Namensfest ist der 15. Juni. \r\nL: Begann seine politische Karriere am Hofe d. \u039f\u1f54\u03c1\u03b5\u03c3\u03b9\u03c2 \u03a3\u03c4\u1f73\u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 (Stefan IV. Du\u0161an), unter \u039f\u1f54\u03c1\u03b5\u03c3\u03b9\u03c2 \u03a3\u03c4\u1f73\u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 (Uros V.) bereits einer der m\u00e4chtigsten Gefolgsleute. Nach dessen Tod verf\u00fcgte L. als selbst\u00e4ndiger F\u00fcrst \u00fcber die reichen Bergbaugebiete von Novo Brdo/Kosovo und Rudnik/Serbien und baute seine Herrschaft zielstrebig aus. Besiegte 1373 zusammen mit Tvrtko, Ban von Bosnien, den serbischen Granden Nikola Altomanovi\u0107, \u017eupan und 1378/79 Radi\u010d Brankovi\u0107 und erweiterte so sein Herrschaftsgebiet. Durch geschickte Heiratspolitik schlo\u00df er mittels seiner T\u00f6chter auch die \u00fcbrigen freien serbischen Teilf\u00fcrstent\u00fcmer zu einer Art Verband zusammen. Sein Ziel war offensichtlich die Restauration des nemanjidischen Kaiserreichs. Dabei geno\u00df er die Unterst\u00fctzung der serbischen orthodoxen Kirche, f\u00fcr die er 1375 in Kpl die neuerliche Anerkennung der Autokephalie erreichte. L. richtete sich in den Beziehungen zu Ungarn nach den politischen Notwendigkeiten und unterwarf sich 1371 - 1382, dann wieder 1389-02 dem ungarischen K\u00f6nig als Vasall. Erkannte den Ernst der T\u00fcrkengefahr und bereitete sich trotz des Sieges \u00fcber die T\u00fcrken bei Plo\u010dnik (1386) auf neuerliche K\u00e4mpfe vor, indem er die serbischen Teilherrscher und den bosnischen K\u00f6nig zu einer gemeinsamen Front gegen die T\u00fcrken vereinigte. Am 15. Juni 1389 kam es zur Schlacht auf d. Kosovo polje (Amselfeld), der nach wechselhaftem Verlauf zun\u00e4chst sein Gegner M\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u1f71\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 (Murad I., Sultan) fiel, L. selbst dann aber mit seinem Gefolge gefangengenommen und an der Bahre des sterbenden Sultans hingerichtet wurde. Durch den Sieg der T\u00fcrken auf d. Kosovo polje wurden alle serbischen Teilherrscher zu t\u00fcrkischen Vasallen. L.s historische Bedeutung wurde von der bald einsetzenden Legendenbildung \u00fcberfl\u00fcgelt, die sich um seinen \"M\u00e4rtyrertod\" und um die Schlacht auf d. Kosovo polje rankte. Dadurch wirkte L. wie au\u00dfer ihm nur Stefan IV. Dusan auf das serbische historische Nationalbewu\u00dftsein und wurde zu einer der Hauptgestalten der serbischen Volksliteratur. Zun\u00e4chst in Pristina beigesetzt, wurden seine Gebeine 1391 in das Kl. Ravanica/N-Serbien und 1697 ins Kl. Vrdnik in d. Fruska gora/Srem \u00fcberf\u00fchrt, von dort z. T. als Reliquien zerstreut und 1942 gesammelt und nach Belgrad gebracht. Obwohl L. offensichtlich von der serbischen Kirche als Rechtsnachfolger der Nemanjiden anerkannt wurde, \u00fcberlie\u00df er den serbischen K\u00f6nigstitel dem bosnischen Ban Tvrtko, der 1377 in Milesevo/W-Serbien zum serbischen K\u00f6nig gekr\u00f6nt wurde. L. bezeichnet sich in den Unterschriften der serbisch \u00fcberlieferten Urkunden als \"Stefan knez Lazar\", die Bezeichnungen \"samdr\u017eac\", \"samodr\u017eavni gospodin\", einmal auch \"veliki knez\" kommen nur in den Intitulationen derselben Urkunden vor. \r\nA: NicCent 301 nennt jene T. L.s, die mit \u03a0\u03b1\u03b3\u03b9\u03b1\u03b6\u1f75\u03c4 (B\u0101yez\u012bd I., Sultan) verheiratet wurde, Olivera, bei Duk 39 hei\u00dft sie \u039c\u03b1\u03c1\u1f77\u03b1 und in SchreinChron I 112 \u039c\u1f7b\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd.   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