{"@context": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/LinkedPasts/linked-places/master/linkedplaces-context-v1.1.jsonld", "type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"@id": "https://openatlas.maps-of-power.at/api/entity/12802", "type": "Feature", "crmClass": "crm:E18 Physical Thing", "systemClass": "place", "viewClass": "place", "properties": {"title": "Polog"}, "descriptions": [{"value": "The Byzantine historian Anna Komnene relates that the Norman general Raoul of Pontoise conquered Skopje and Peter of Aulps took probably Lower und Upper Polog in 1082 (\u1f14\u03bd\u03b8\u03ad\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u03bf\u1f7a\u03c2 \u03bc\u1f72\u03bd \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf \u03a0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b2\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b5\u1f50\u03b8\u1f7a\u03c2 \u1f41 \u03a0\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u1f08\u03bb\u03af\u03c6\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ad\u03c3\u03c7\u03b5, \u03c4\u1f70 \u03b4\u1f72 \u03a3\u03ba\u03cc\u03c0\u03b9\u03b1 \u1f41 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03b7\u03b8\u03b5\u1f76\u03c2 \u03a0\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2). She reports also that Peter von Aulps was able to defend both Polog territories, despite the fact that the Bohemond's payment of soldier\u2019s pay was delayed and the commanders received offers from the Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Komnenos (\u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u1f78\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u1f7a\u03c2 \u03a0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b2\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c6\u03c5\u03bb\u03ac\u03c3\u03c3\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03a0\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u1f08\u03bb\u03af\u03c6\u03b1). As a result of Kastoria's capitulation, even Peter of Aulps, was left alone and could not hold the two Polog areas for long. He offered his services to the Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Komnenos and the Byzantines became rulers of the two Polog areas again. The whole region of Polog is mentioned in a letter of Archbishop Theophylaktos of Ohrid to the governor of Dyrrhachion Ioannes Komnenos, probably written in 1090. The archbishop complains to the governor about the situation of the clergy in Polog. The Byzantine Emperor previously issued a document granting the clerics of the city of \u014chrid and its surroundings freedom from all tax burdens except the \u03b6\u03b5\u03c5\u03b3\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd (tax imposed on the draught cattle). According to Theophylaktos the imperial officials ignored the decree. He therefore asked the governor to write a pittakion to confirm the tax exemption. He also asked him to renew the required payments of the \u1f00\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd and the \u1f40\u03c4\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03b6\u03af\u03bd\u03b1. The second epistle, probably written by the Archbishop between the years 1092-1097, shows that even after the governor issued his pittakion, the clerics of Polog were still forced to perform various duties and taxes. The Serbian Grand Prince (Veliki \u017dupan) Vukan devastated in 1092 the area in the vicinity of Skopje and even conquered Polog (\u03ba\u1fb7\u03b8\u2019 \u03bf\u1f55\u03c4\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b5\u03b8\u03b1\u03c1\u03c1\u03b7\u03ba\u1f7c\u03c2 \u1f41 \u0392\u03bf\u03bb\u03ba\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f61\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ae \u03c4\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u1f00\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c6\u03b8\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f10\u03bb\u03b7\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf \u03c4\u1f70\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c7\u03ce\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2, \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u03a3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u1f74\u03bd \u1f14\u03be\u03c9 \u03c7\u03ce\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03c2 \u1f20\u03c1\u03af\u03c0\u03c9\u03c3\u03b5, \u03c4\u1f78 \u03b4\u03ad \u03c4\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ad\u03ba\u03b1\u03c5\u03c3\u03b5\u03bd. \u03bf\u1f50 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c7\u03c1\u03b9 \u03b4\u1f72 \u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5, \u1f00\u03bb\u03bb\u1f70 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u1f78\u03bd \u03a0\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf\u03b2\u03bf\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03b2\u1f7c\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f04\u03c7\u03c1\u03b9 \u0392\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c6\u03b8\u03ac\u03c3\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03b4\u1fc3\u03ce\u03c3\u03b1\u03c2 \u1f05\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u1f74\u03bd \u03c4\u1f72 \u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03bd \u1f10\u03ba\u03b5\u1fd6\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd \u1f00\u03c6\u03b5\u03bb\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b5\u1f30\u03c2 \u03c4\u1f74\u03bd \u03bf\u1f30\u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03bd \u1f51\u03c0\u03ad\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u03c8\u03b5 \u03c7\u03ce\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd). The Arab geographer al-Idrisi mentions in 1153/1154 a city bearing the name of B\u016blu\u0121\u016b in a description of the route from Dyrrhachion to the city of Chrysopolis in his work \u1ffeKitab al-Rujar. According to al-Idrisi, it was two days' journey from \u014chrid. It was on a large mountain and was said to have been beautiful. According to al-Idrisi, between B\u016blu\u0121\u016b and the city of Skopje, which was located north-east of B\u016blu\u0121\u016b, the traveller had to reckon with a distance of a day's journey. Although B\u016blu\u0121\u016b has often been identified with some towns in Polog, the sparse data for exact localization do not suffice and it seems that al-Idrisi describes rather an administrative unit. The Serbian Grand Prince Stefan Nemanja, actually a loyal vassal of the Byzantine Empire since his deditio in 1172, risked an uprising in 1183 and was able to invade the city of Sofia/Serdica and devastate the surrounding territory with the help of the Hungarian King B\u00e9la III. Then he went alone, only with his forces and destroyed the strongholds in Velbu\u017ed, \u017ditomisk, Skopje, L\u011b\u0161ok in the lower Polog and the town of Gradac (Pri\u0161\u044cd\u044c bo pr\u011bpodob\u02bcni sevty Syme\u014dn s\u044c ug\u044cr\u044cskym\u044c kralem\u044c i donde grada do Sr\u011bd\u02bcca rekomago i v\u044c s\u02bckru\u0161enije postavi jego i v\u044c \u014dpust\u011bnije kon\u044c\u010d\u02bcnoje. V\u044czvra\u0161t\u044c\u0161ou \u017ee se riz\u011b ug\u044cr\u044cskomu v\u044c svoje njemu vladi\u010d\u044cstvo, \u014dn \u017ee svety \u014dtvra\u0161t\u044c se \u014dt nego ide s\u044c siloju svojeju na grad\u044c Pernik\u044c i t\u044c\u044c skru\u0161iv\u044c svojeju i v\u044c \u014dpust\u011bnije i i grad\u044c Stob\u044c i grad\u044c Zeml\u044cn\u044c i grad\u044c Vel\u044cblu\u017ed\u044c i grad\u044c \u017ditomit\u044csk\u044c i grad\u044c Sk\u044cpl\u044c i grad\u044c L\u011b\u0161\u044csk\u044c u Dolnem\u044c Poloz\u011b i grad\u044c Grad\u044cc\u044c). According to the Vita of him, which was written by his son Stefan the First-Crowned, Stefan Nemanja fully included not only the Lower Polog with L\u011b\u0161ok and Gradac, but also the Upper Polog with border areas in his dominion (Prilo\u017ei \u017ee k\u044c zemli \u014dt\u010d\u044cstvija svoigo \u014dblast\u044c ny\u0161ev\u044cskuju do konca, Lypljan\u044c \u017ee i Moravu i glagoljemy Vrani, prizr\u011bnsku \u017ee \u014dblast\u044c i Pologa \u014dba do konca s\u044c megami svoimi). The area of Polog appears again several times in the document corpus of Demetrios Chomatenos. These charters give account about the situation in this administrative entity shortly after the successful conquest of Macedonia up to the city of Skopje in 1217\u20131219 by the Epirote ruler Theodoros I Komnenos Dukas. The widow Maria from Polog addressed the archbishop's synod due to an inheritance matter (\u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ad\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u1f21 \u1f00\u03c0\u1f78 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03a0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5 \u1f41\u03c1\u03bc\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c7\u03ae\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ae, \u1f27\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u1f54\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1 \u039c\u03b1\u03c1\u03af\u03b1). The monk Gerasimos from the Monastery of the Holy Theotokos in Ht\u011btovo and the priest Dobros, both from the village of Banista in the Upper Polog, argued over a property that was illegally confiscated in the past (\u1f49 \u03b3\u1f70\u03c1 \u1f00\u03c0\u1f78 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u1f0c\u03bd\u03c9 \u03a0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5 \u1f41\u03c1\u03bc\u03ce\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f10\u03bd \u03c4\u1fc7 \u03c3\u03b5\u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03af\u1fb3 \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u1fc7 \u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2 \u1f51\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03c3\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u1f21\u03bc\u1ff6\u03bd \u0398\u03b5\u03bf\u03c4\u03cc\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u1fc7 \u1f10\u03bd \u039a\u03c4\u03b5\u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03b2\u1fc3 \u1f00\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b1\u03c7\u1f78\u03c2 \u0393\u03b5\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u1f70 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u2019 \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u1f10\u03bd\u03b1\u03b3\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f10\u03ba\u03b5\u1fd6\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd \u1f41\u03c1\u03bc\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f10\u03bd \u03c4\u1ff7 \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u1ff3 \u0392\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u1fc3 \u03bf\u1f30\u03ba\u03bf\u1fe6\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u0394\u03cc\u03b2\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 \u1f31\u03b5\u03c1\u03ad\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c4\u1ff7 \u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b3\u03b9\u03c9\u03c4\u03ac\u03c4\u1ff3 \u1f21\u03bc\u1ff6\u03bd \u03b4\u03b5\u03c3\u03c0\u03cc\u03c4\u1fc3, \u03c4\u1ff7 \u1f00\u03c1\u03c7\u03b9\u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03ba\u03cc\u03c0\u1ff3 \u03c0\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u0392\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03b3\u03b1\u03c1\u03af\u03b1\u03c2, \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03c2, \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u1f70 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u1f31\u03b5\u03c1\u03ad\u03c9\u03c2 \u1f10\u03bd\u1fc6\u03b3\u03b5 \u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03c9\u03bd). In this context, Polog is described as \u03c7\u03ce\u03c1\u03b1. The term was used to denote the administrative unit or even a province at the time. In a bizarre divorce trial, Georgios' former wife is briefly mentioned. Georgios wanted to live with her again. Her name was Omprada and she was the daughter of a certain Radoslav from Lower Polog (\u039b\u03b1\u03b2\u1f7c\u03bd \u03b3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u1fd6\u03ba\u03b1 \u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03af\u03bc\u03c9\u03c2 \u1f10\u03ba \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03b5\u03c3\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u1f74\u03bd \u03b8\u03c5\u03b3\u03b1\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u1fec\u03b1\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03bb\u03ac\u03b2\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03bf\u1f30\u03ba\u03bf\u1fe6\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f10\u03bd \u03c4\u1ff7 \u039a\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9 \u03a0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u1ff3, \u03c4\u1f74\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7\u03bd \u1f48\u03bc\u03c0\u03c1\u03ac\u03b4\u03b1). The Bulgarian Tsar Konstantin I Asen, who reigned between the years 1257-1277, confirmed in the fragmentary preserved chrysobull charter the previous possessions of the Monastery of Saint George-Gorg near Skopje, which was erected by the Byzantine emperor Romanos III. Argyros. Beside the area around Skopje and Prilep, the document also explicitly mentions the dominion (oblast) of Polog. A list of donated villages in this territory follows, which included the village of R\u011b\u010dice, the so-called Kraji\u0161te of Lisec, the village of L\u011bskovljani and also the furrow near Ht\u011btovo. Then the possessions of the monastery in Upper Polog are mentioned. Unfortunately, the name of the first village has not survived, but it possessed vineyards and mills. Two other villages, T\u014d\u010dil\u044c and the village of Banica with vineyards and mills, are easily readable (V\u044c Polo\u017ekoi \u014dblasti selo R\u011b\u010dici, i to darovan\u2019noje sveto\u00efm\u044c Romanom\u044a carjem\u044c Svet\u014dmu Ge\u014drgiju s\u044a vinogradi, s\u044c nivijem\u044a, i s\u044a \u017er\u044an\u044akami, s\u044a perivolmi, s\u044c s\u011bnokosi, s\u044c zab\u011blo\u00ef, s\u044c planinami, s\u044c lovi\u0161tem\u044a zv\u011brno\u00efm\u044a, i s\u044c vs\u011bmi dohodko\u00ef i s\u044c vs\u011bmi pravinami, i da ne meteha nikoi kefalija, nik\u014dtori vladalec\u044c car\u044cstva mi ni vladal\u02bcci gospodstvuja\u0161tih po car\u044cstvu mi, da ne ima v\u044cl\u011bsti v\u044c seko R\u011b\u010dici, ni sjaditi, ni svjazati, ni globja v\u044czjati, nik\u014di dohodok\u044c v\u044czjati, vsakoi doh\u014ddok\u044c i birok\u044c zak\u014dn\u02bcnoii da si v\u02bczima cr\u044ckva\u00b7 A sinor selu t\u014dmu: \u014dt izvora R\u011b\u010dickjaja r\u011bkja na desn\u014d v\u044czdol\u044c..niz\u044c br\u044cdo na \u014csl\u044cnik\u044c, ta na Ivanov\u044c dol\u044c, ta p\u014d rov\u010di\u0161ta, ta me\u017edu Pr\u011bslop\u044c a me\u017edu \u014cgra\u017edenik\u044c pr\u011bz br\u044cdo na na izvor\u044c Pal\u02bc\u010di\u0161kja r\u011bkja, i niz\u044c r\u011bkja do Katafig\u044c, ta v\u044az\u044c br\u044cdo na krai\u0161te kako slazi Lisec\u044c v\u044cs krai\u0161te Lise\u010dk\u014d, niz gvozd\u044a na studen\u02bc\u010dec, ta na Gl\u044cbokoi dol\u044c, i \u014dt Gl\u044cboka dola.....a \u014dt s\u011bver\u044cnja...strana pr\u011bz\u044c ljag\u044c pr\u011bko Velikja r\u011bkja, ta niz\u044c Velikja do Ht\u011btov\u044cskja brazdja..... .......o na To\u010dil\u044c koi laz....ad...L\u011bskovijane......v\u044cz br\u044cd\u014d do gor.... desno ..... pjatem\u044c.. Suhja.. planinja..\u0161t.niz\u044c gvozd\u044c na R\u011b\u010di\u010dkja r\u011bkja do izvora jeja, i t\u014d vse pari\u010dk\u014d m\u011bst\u014d. I v\u044c Gornem\u044c Poloz\u011b selo...nivijem\u044c s\u044c vinogradi, s\u044c \u017er\u044an\u044ckami, s\u044c vs\u011bmi pravinami ih. Selo T\u014d\u010dil\u044a i planina rek\u014dma s\u044a vseja pravinoja. Selo Banici s\u044a nivijem\u044a s\u044a vin\u014dgradi , s \u017er\u044ankami, i s\u044a vs\u011bmi pravinami). Immediately after the ruler of Nicaea, Michael Palaiologos, was elevated to the rank of Despot, he sent his brother Ioannes with a small army, which was reinforced after the Battle of Pelagonia in 1259, to reconquer the territories of Macedonia. The Byzantine historian Georgios Pachymeres describes that Ioannes also captured fortresses in Polog. Ioannes achieved this success more with his diplomatic skills than militarily, because he fought only occasionally (\u03a4\u03bf\u1fd6\u03c2 \u03b4\u1f72 \u03b4\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u1fd6\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5\u03c4\u03ae\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u00b7 \u1f45\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u1f78\u03bd \u03bf\u1f30\u03ba\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bf\u03bd \u1f00\u03b4\u03b5\u03bb\u03c6\u1f78\u03bd \u1f38\u03c9\u03ac\u03bd\u03bd\u03b7\u03bd, \u03bc\u03ad\u03b3\u03b1\u03bd \u1f14\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd \u1f44\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1, \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ac\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03c3\u03b9 \u03c0\u03ad\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9, \u1f45\u03c2, \u03c4\u03bf\u1fd6\u03c2 \u03b4\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u1fd6\u03c2 \u1f10\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03c2, \u03c6\u03bf\u03b2\u03b5\u03c1\u1f78\u03bd \u1f14\u03b4\u03bf\u03be\u03b5 \u03c0\u03bd\u03ad\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd \u1f10\u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\u03c2, \u1f05\u03bc\u03b1 \u03bc\u1f72\u03bd \u03c4\u1ff7 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u1ff7 \u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b5\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2, \u1f05\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b4\u1f72 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u1ff7 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u1f76 \u1f10\u03ba\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9 \u03ba\u03bf\u03c5\u03c6\u03b9\u03b6\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2. \u039a\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f00\u03c0\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u1ff3 \u03c4\u03ac\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u1f31\u03c1\u03b5\u1fd6 \u03bc\u1f72\u03bd \u03c4\u1f78 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u1f76 \u03c4\u1f70 \u039a\u03ac\u03bd\u03b9\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd, \u03b1\u1f31\u03c1\u03b5\u1fd6 \u03b4\u1f72 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u1f78 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u1f76 \u03c4\u1f70 \u0392\u03b5\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03b4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03a0\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u039a\u03bf\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd, \u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u1f72 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u039a\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b1\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03a0\u03b5\u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03af\u03b1\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u0394\u03b5\u03cd\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2, \u03a4\u03b6\u03ad\u03c1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd \u03c4\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u0394\u03b9\u03ac\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u1f74\u03bd \u03a0\u03c1\u03af\u03bb\u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03bd, \u0392\u03bf\u03b4\u03b5\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd\u03ac \u03c4\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u0392\u03cc\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd, \u1f14\u03bb\u03bb\u03b9\u03bc\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd \u03bd\u1fc6\u03c3\u03bf\u03bd, \u03a0\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd, \u03a0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c3\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03a3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03b4\u03bf\u03bb\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f08\u03c7\u03c1\u03af\u03b4\u03b1\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u1f70 \u1f38\u03bb\u03bb\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u1ff6\u03bd \u1f40\u03c7\u03c5\u03c1\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1, \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f15\u03c9\u03c2 \u0394\u03c5\u03c1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c7\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c6\u03b8\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u1f78 \u03b4\u03cc\u03c1\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u1ff6\u03bd\u00b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b4\u1f72 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03a0\u03ac\u03c4\u03c1\u1fb3 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03a4\u03c1\u03af\u03ba\u03ba\u1fc3. \u039a\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u1f70 \u03ba\u03cd\u03ba\u03bb\u1ff3 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u1f70 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b8\u03ae\u03ba\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03b1\u03c2, \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f00\u03bc\u03b1\u03c7\u03b5\u1f76 \u03c4\u1f70 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b5\u1fd6\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1, \u03b5\u1f30\u03c2 \u03c6\u03cc\u03b2\u03bf\u03bd \u03bc\u03ad\u03b3\u03b1\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9 \u03c4\u1f78\u03bd \u03b4\u03b5\u03c3\u03c0\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f10\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03bd\u1ff7 \u03ba\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03b4\u1fc7. \u03a4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f10\u03b3\u03b3\u03af\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f00\u03be\u03b9\u1ff6\u03bd \u03c4\u03cd\u03c7\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u1f78\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u1f78\u03c2 \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u1f78\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f41 \u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd, \u03c0\u03ad\u03bc\u03c8\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u1f70 \u03c3\u03cd\u03bc\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03b1, \u03c3\u03b5\u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03ac\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u1fb7). The sources give almost no information about the Byzantine administration of Polog, except for the later Byzantine Emperor and historian Ioannes Kantakuzenos. He gives a longer account on Theodoros Synadenos, who was born around 1280. He mentions also his father, the Megas Stratopedarches Ioannes Synadenos, who administered Polog as Toparch. However, Ioannes Kantakuzenos localized Polog in the macro-region of Dalmatia, because he probably confused the broader regional designation Illyrikon with Dalmatia (\u1f41 \u03b4\u03ad \u03b3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c4\u1f74\u03c1 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03c0\u03c1\u1f78\u03c2 \u1f11\u03c3\u03c0\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u1f70 \u03c4\u1f74\u03bd \u0394\u03b1\u03bb\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03b1\u03bd \u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03a0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b7\u03c2 \u1f26\u03bd. \u1f41 \u03b4\u03ad \u03b3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c4\u1f74\u03c1 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03c0\u03c1\u1f78\u03c2 \u1f11\u03c3\u03c0\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u1f70 \u03c4\u1f74\u03bd \u0394\u03b1\u03bb\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03b1\u03bd \u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03a0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b7\u03c2 \u1f26\u03bd\u00b7 \u1f23\u03bd \u03b4\u1f74 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03af\u03b1\u03bd \u03c3\u1f7a\u03bd \u1f11\u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u1ff7 \u03c4\u1ff7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u1ff3 \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bb\u03ad\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b1\u03b3\u03b1\u03b3\u1f7c\u03bd \u03a0\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u1ff3 \u03c4\u1ff7 \u039c\u03b9\u03c7\u03b1\u1f74\u03bb \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76  \u1f51\u03c0\u03bf\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd \u1f00\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03be\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u1ff7, \u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u1ff6\u03bd \u03c4\u03b5 \u1f20\u03be\u03b9\u03ce\u03b8\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u1f70  \u1fec\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03af\u03bf\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03b3\u03ac\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u1f10\u03c0\u03b9\u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c2, \u03c4\u1fc7 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bb\u03ad\u03c9\u03c2 \u1f00\u03bd\u03b5\u03c8\u03b9\u1fb7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c6\u03b8\u03b5\u03af\u03c2). Probably in 1268 or 1269 an embassy to the Serbs, consisting of the Metropolitan of Traianupolis Ioannes Kondumnes, the Patriarch of Constantinople Joseph I and the Chartophylax of Hagia Sophia Ioannes Bekkos, failed to arrange a marriage between Anna, the daughter of the Byzantine Emperor Michael VIII. Palaiologos and Milutin, the second son of the Serbian King. Georgios Pachymeres relates that the embassy also passed through Polog and gives his explanation of the Slavic name to his audience (\u03a4\u1fc7 \u03a0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u1ff3 \u03b4\u1f72 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03bb\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd, \u1f23\u03bd \u03b4\u1f74 \u1f04\u03bb\u03c3\u03bf\u03c2 \u0398\u03b5\u03bf\u1fe6 \u1f10\u03ba\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u1f70 \u03b3\u03bb\u1ff6\u03c3\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03b5\u1f34\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd). Polog was withdrawn from the sovereign authority of the Byzantine Empire in 1282/1283 during the reign of the Serbian King Stefan Uro\u0161 II Milutin (Pr\u044cv\u011bje prijet\u044c oba Pologa s\u044c gradovy ih\u044c i s\u044c oblastiju, i grad\u044c slav\u044cnyi Skopije, po sih\u044c \u017ee Ov\u044c\u010de Polje i Zletovu i Pijan\u044cc. Takovyje v\u044cse zemlje prijet\u044c v\u044c pr\u044cvoje pri\u0161\u044cstvije jego, i prilo\u017ei ih\u044c k\u044c dr\u044c\u017eav\u011b ot\u044c\u010d\u044cstvija svojego). In 1300, Polog is mentioned for the first time as \u017dupa in the charter of the Serbian King Stefan Uro\u0161 II Milutin for the Monastery of Saint George Gorg near Skopje. The word \u017eupa is attested in connection with the village of R\u011b\u010dice. Firstly, the Serbian King Stefan Uro\u0161 II. Milutin, as the issuer, refers to the older privileges for the monastery, including the charter of the Bulgarian Tsar Konstantin I Asen, which he confirms and therefore repeats the phrase v\u044c \u014dblasti polo\u017e\u044ckoi. Only later, when he comes to the privileges of the village of R\u011b\u010dice, the Serbian King mentions \u017dupa. He freed the village of R\u011b\u010dice from all works, taxes and duties, which the villagers were obliged to pay to the Governor of the Polog \u017dupa (Selo v\u044c \u014dblasti polo\u017e\u044ckoi R\u011b\u010dice s popovl\u00efani, i\u017ee jest\u044c prilo\u017eil\u044c svety Roman\u044c car\u044c, pr\u044cvi ktitor\u044c. I vid\u011b kraljevstvo mi jako podano jest\u044c svetym\u044c Romanom\u044c carem\u044c, i svetim\u044c kyr\u044c-Aleksiem\u044c carem\u044c, i zapisano i utvr\u044c\u017edeno kyr\u044c-Manoilem\u044c carem\u044c, kyr\u044c-Asan\u014dm\u044c carem\u044c i svetimi pravov\u011brnimi cari i krali vi\u0161episanimi, i osvobo\u017edeno \u014dt\u044c vs\u011bh\u044c rabot\u044c car\u044cskih\u044c i \u014dt\u044c vs\u011bh\u044c podan\u044ck\u044c malih\u044c i velikih\u044c. Po tomu\u017ede \u014dbrazu i kraljevstvo mi \u014dsvobodi selo R\u011b\u010dice \u014dt vs\u011bh\u044c rabot\u044c car\u044cskih\u044c i \u014dt vs\u011bh\u044c podan\u044ck\u044c malih\u044c i velikyh\u044c. I komu se dast\u044c \u017eupa Polo\u017e\u02bcka na dr\u017eavu milostiju kralievstva mi, R\u011b\u010dicam\u044c da ne ima zapov\u011bdati ni na iednu rabotu, ni na voinsku poiti, grada ne zidati ni bljusti, vinograda ne kopati, ni glasa nositi, ni provoda, ni ponosa. I do nema ul\u011bsti u selo to R\u011b\u010dice nikoi vladalc\u044c kraliev\u044cstva mi, ni vladac\u044c dr\u044c\u017ee\u0161\u010dago \u017eupu tu, ni uzeti kojega dohodka ni mala ni velika: ni sevast\u044c, ni prahtor\u044c, ni knez\u044c, ni vinar\u044c, ni pozob\u044c, ni konjuh\u044c, ni pisc\u044c, ni gerakar\u044c, ni p\u044cs\u044c hraniti, ni desetka p\u010delna, ni \u014dv\u010dega, ni \u017eitnoga, ni vinnoga, ni travnine, ni torovnine, ni komota, ni mitate, ni ko\u0161ar\u044c\u0161tine, ni pisa, ni dimnine, ni volober\u02bc\u0161tine platiti, ni priselice, ni nametk\u044c \u017eitni ni vinni, ni \u010dlov\u011bka garepsati, ni konja, ni vola, ni \u014dsla, ni carinu da dajut\u044c, ni suditi \u010dlov\u011bku Svetago Ge\u014drgija posilijem\u044c, ni potku da uzima na njem\u044c, ni ruku ni \u014ddboi, ni koju globu, ili potku, ili ruku, i vsaky bir\u044ck\u044c zakonny da uzima cr\u044ck\u044cv\u044c. Sije zapisanije i utvr\u044c\u017edenije \u014dbr\u011bte kraljevstvo mi v\u044c hrisovuleh\u044c svetih\u044c pravov\u011brnih car\u044c\u044c i kral\u02bc\u044c, tako\u017ede i kraljevstvo mi po tomu\u017ede \u014dbrazu potvr\u044cdih\u044c zapisanija i hrisovule, da si dr\u044c\u017ei selo R\u011b\u010dice s vinogradi, s perivoli, s nivijem\u044c, s mlini, s\u044c s\u011bnokosi, s\u044c zab\u011bli, i s\u044c planinom\u044c, i s\u044c vs\u011bmi pravinami sela togo). The Byzantine Emperor Michael IX Palaiologos confirmed at the request of the Serbian King Stefan Uro\u0161 II Milutin the possessions of the monastery of Saint Nicetas near Skopje in a chrysobull charter. The document must have been created after 1299, because the emperor addressed Stefan Uro\u0161 II Milutin as his brother and brother-in-law. The monastery owned in the region of Polog the village of Nera\u0161ta with all rights and a place called Rad\u011bjevo with vineyards, mills and the courtyard, which at that time was in the hands of a certain Vratislav (\u1f61\u03c3\u03b1\u03cd\u03c4\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03ad\u03b4\u03c9\u03ba\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03bf\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u1f76 \u03c4\u1f78\u03bd \u03a0\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f10\u03c0\u03b9\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd \u039d\u03b5\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u1f70 \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6, \u1f14\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b4\u1f72 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u1fec\u03b1\u03b4\u03ad\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u1f70 \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u1f10\u03bd \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u1ff6 \u1f00\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03bb\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03bc\u03c5\u03bb\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03b1\u1f50\u03bb\u1fc6\u03c2, \u1f05\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u1fd6\u03c7\u03b5 \u03c4\u03af\u03c2 \u1f41 \u0392\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03c3\u03b8\u03bb\u03b1\u03b2\u03bf\u03c2). The Byzantine emperor Andronikos II Palaiologos issued in 1308 at the request of the Serbian king Stefan Uro\u0161 II Milutin a charter, in which he approved the endowment of the monastery of Saint Nicetas near Skopje to the Hrusija tower at the Hilandar monastery. The Greek original has not been preserved, only a Church Slavonic translation of the authentic document is known. The village of Nera\u0161ta and a place called Rad\u011bjevo in the region Polog are attested there again (I u Poloz\u011b selo Nera\u0161ta s pravinami jeg\u014d. I drugo m\u011bsto nare\u010deno Rad\u011bjevo s vinogradi i s vod\u011bni\u010dijem\u044c i s dvorom\u044c, je\u017ee jest\u044c dr\u044c\u017eal\u044c n\u011bkto Bratislav\u044c). The Serbian King Stefan Uro\u0161 II Milutin confirmed probably in 1303 or 1304 the possessions of the Hrusija tower at the Hilandar monastery. The authentic document is lost, the text has been preserved in four transcripts. One of the transcripts (AHS 144/146), certainly transcribed in the king\u2019 chancery between 1310 and 1340, describes the southward expansion of the Serbian king. Polog is mentioned there as a strana (area) (I posp\u011b\u0161\u044cstvovanijem\u044c svetyju mi gdnu Sime\u014dna i Savy, pr\u011bjeh po m\u011bju Skopsku stranu i \u014cv\u010depolsku i Polo\u017esku i D\u044cbr\u044csku i pro\u010deje ine strane. I potom\u044c byh\u044c zet\u044c blagov\u011brnomu i samodr\u017eavnomu caru gr\u044c\u010d\u044cskomu kur Androniku Pale\u014dlogu, i da mi \u014dnuzi zemlju u prikiju). The Serbian King Stefan Uro\u0161 II Milutin donated in 1321 the village of Odri in Polog with the church of Sveti Dmitrij, people, summer pasture, all boundaries and rights, the place of Borko near Podbrezi with a court, people and also everything, which belonged to Borko in Lja\u0161cje to the Monastery of Gra\u010danica. These properties in Polog were given to the monastery within the scope of an exchange of property between Gra\u010danica and the Bishopric of Debar (I Bane u Suhogr\u044cl\u011b koi b\u011bhu tako\u017ede upisani v\u044c \u014dt\u010din\u011b mi hrisovul\u011b, i vzeh\u044c i dah\u044c Svetomu Nikol\u011b jepiskuplii d\u044cbr\u044cskoi, a za ne dah\u044c zam\u011bnu Svety Bogorodici grad\u010dan\u044cskoi u Poloz\u011b \u014cdri cr\u044ck\u044cov\u044c Svetago Dmitrija s\u044c ljudmi i s\u044c planinom\u044c, i s\u044c vse mi megjami pravi mi koako si je imalo se to \u014dd iskoni). The Serbian King Stefan Uro\u0161 III De\u010danski confirmed between May 1324 and August 1331 the donation of his father Stefan Uro\u0161 II Milutin. The latter granted the church of Sveti Vra\u010d(i) (the Saint Cosmas and Damian) near Poto\u010da, located in Upper Polog, with vineyards, fields, bought estates, smallholdings given for the sake of salvation and retinue to the Bishopric of Prizren (U Gornem\u044c Poloz\u011b crk\u044cv\u044c Svetyju Vra\u010dju u Poto\u010dah\u044c, \u0161to jest\u044c pridal\u044c rodite\u044c kraljev\u044cstva mi, i s vinogradi, i s nivijem\u044c, i s kupljenicami i zadu\u0161ninami i z dvorani). Milutin granted also the property of a priest near Gjurgjevi\u0161te with people, which lived there, to the Bishopric of Prizren (I stas\u044c popovska u Gjurjevi\u0161tih i s ljudmi koi s\u011bde na njei, \u0161to jest\u044c pridal\u044c roditel\u044c kraljev\u044cstva mi s\u044c arhiepiskopom\u044c Savom\u044c i s\u044c arhiepiskopom\u044c svetym\u044c Nikodimom\u044c, da su cr\u044ckovny). The Serbian King Stefan Uro\u0161 III De\u010danski donated the Church of the Holy Mother of God located in Lower Polog near Le\u0161ok and and three estates of the priest not far away, which were known as bishop\u2019s court since time immemorial, to the bishopric of Prizren (I tako i u Dolnijem\u044c Poloz\u011b u L\u011b\u0161c\u011b crk\u044cv\u044c svetyje bogorodice i pri njei tri stasi popovske \u0161to se zove dvor\u044c piskopov\u044c \u014dt\u044c v\u011bka, da jest\u044c svobodno \u014dt vs\u011bh\u044c rabot\u044c kraljev\u044cstva mi i podan\u044ck\u044c, kako je i \u014dt\u044c ispr\u044cva bylo). The Serbian King Stefan Uro\u0161 III De\u010danski confirmed the possession of fields near the Church of Holy Mother of God at Trhal\u011b not far from Trebo\u0161, which had previously been taken by the people of Polog, to the Bishopric of Prizren. His father, King Milutin, together with the Bishops Damjan and Ilija took the fields from \u017degr and they set his houses on fire. But the situation was resolved in its entirety only in the time of King Stefan Uro\u0161 III De\u010danski. Stefan Uro\u0161 III De\u010danski engaged the royal court and sent his royal representatives (Despot Dragoslav and Bishop Arsenij) personally to this area. After their inspection the Serbian King Stefan Uro\u0161 III De\u010danski reinstated the situation \u201eas it was before\u201c (I u Tr\u011bbo\u0161i pri cr\u044ckvi svetyje bogorodice pri Tr\u044chal\u011b nivije cr\u044ckovno \u0161to bylo \u014dt v\u011bka. I uzeli jesu byli Polo\u017eani, i izna\u0161\u044cl\u044c je roditel\u044c kraljev\u044cstva mi s\u044c jepiskopom\u044c Damijanom\u044c i s\u044c iepiskopom\u044c Ili\u014dm\u044c, i \u014dtjel\u044c \u014dt \u017degra, i ku\u0161te mu popalil\u044c; i pak\u044c posla kraljev\u044cstvo mi despota Dragoslava s\u044c jepiskopom\u044c Arsenijem\u044c da ih\u044c iznadju, da si je ima sveta cr\u044ckvi kako je ispr\u044cva bylo). The Serbian King Stefan Uro\u0161 IV Du\u0161an issued on 22 January 1333 a charter for Dubrovnik in the region of Polog (A tu im\u044c milost\u044c u\u010dini kraljevstvo mi u Polozie v\u044c l\u011bto\u044c 6833 m\u011bseca \u017eenvara 22 dan\u044c). The Serbian King Stefan Uro\u0161 IV Du\u0161an confirmed in 1334/1335 the donation of his grandfather to the Treskavec Monastery regarding the village Kr\u044cpen\u044c in the Region of Polog probably with the Metochion of Saint Nicholas, vineyards, field, summer pastures and all rights (U Poloz\u011b metoh\u044c Kr\u044cpen\u044c s\u044c vod\u011bni\u010djem\u044c i s\u044c vinogradi i s\u044c nivijem\u044c i s\u044c planinami i s\u044c vs\u011bmi pravinami jego, \u0161to prilo\u017ei svetopo\u010div\u0161ii kral\u044c za du\u0161u si). The Serbian King Stefan Uro\u0161 IV Du\u0161an together with his son, the Young King Uro\u0161, issued most likely in the summer of 1343 a charter for the Monastery of Holy Mother of God in Ht\u011btovo, after he had found it devastated and without possessions. The explicit choice of words in the arenga suggests that the Serbian king was personally present in the region of Polog. The administrative unit Polog is denotated in the charter as zemlja (country) and is perceived as an integral part of the Serbian kingdom (pr\u011bdaju v\u044c \u014dblasti kraljev\u02bcstva mi zemlju Polo\u017e\u02bckuju). The Emperor Stefan Uro\u0161 IV Du\u0161an donated in 1347 the village of Selce in Polog with Veli Vrh, hamlets, vineyards and all rights to the Monastery of the Holy Archangels in Prizren (selo u Poloz\u011b Selce, i s Velim\u044c Vr\u044chom\u044c, i s\u044c zaselki, i s vinogrady, i s\u044c vs\u011bmi pravinami, a megja mu s\u044c Ht\u011btovom\u044c na \u010cr\u044cni Dol\u044c i pr\u011bko za Veli Vr\u044ch\u044c na Stra\u017ei\u0161ta, i \u014dt\u044c tudu pr\u011bko do Dola Velijega na Bajev\u044c Kamy, i megja s Porojem\u044c po d\u011blu uz\u044c Vlaku tere na Planincu, a s Hra\u0161tani \u014dt\u044c Sopotca uz br\u044cdo na Dupnii Kamy; i megja z Garani po vodovagi na Dobri Studen\u1fbfc\u044c ta na U\u0161i, i na \u010cr\u044cni Vr\u044ch\u044c, i niz br\u044cdo na r\u011bku, i niz \u0159eku gd\u011b se ob\u011b r\u011bc\u011b stajeta pod Brodcem, i megja Sv\u011btcom\u044c uz r\u011bku na Sr\u011bdnju Planinu, i uz br\u044cdo Planine po d\u011blu na B\u011bl\u044cmu\u017e\u044cc\u044c, i planina Ranest\u044cc\u044c). The charter of the Serbian Emperor Stefan Uro\u0161 IV Du\u0161an for the Monastery of the Holy Archangels reveals also details about Polog's western border. The border between Krstac and Polog is mentioned in the boundary description of the summer pasture in Sinjavica (I planina Sinjavica i z Bilijanicom, i ni\u017ee Sinjavice Roman\u044c Dol\u044c, kako pohodi nad\u044c krai, i \u014dt kraja pravo u vr\u044ch\u044c Ranet\u044cc\u044c: dotezi megja Kr\u044cst\u044ccu \u014dt Pologa). The Serbian Emperor  Stefan Uro\u0161 IV Du\u0161an confirmed in 1348 the possessions of the Hilandar Monastery. His deed distinguishes between possessions of the monastery in Serbian land and in Romania (also zemlja gre\u010de\u010dska). The estates in Polog are the last in the list of the mentioned possessions, which belonged to the Hilandar Monastery in in the Serbian land. Among them are the former properties of the Monastery of the Holy Mother of God Ht\u011btovo in Brod\u011bc, Dr\u011bnovec, Hra\u0161tany, Ht\u011btovo, Jadovarce, Mla\u010dice, Sedlarevo, Staro \u017delynje, \u0160ten\u010de, Sedlarevo and a new endowment in Izbice. The Serbian emperor donated the village \u0160ten\u010de with  Vl\u044ckovn\u014d in the Upper Polog, that appears in this document for the first time, to the Hilandar Monastery (U Poloz\u011b cr\u044ckv\u044c Mati Bo\u017eia Ht\u011btovska i s\u044c seli. I v\u044c Jadovarceh\u044c cr\u044ckv\u044c Svety Nikolae, \u0161to prilo\u017ei car\u044cstvo mi Bogorodici Ht\u011btovskoi popa Draju i s\u044c rod\u014dm\u044c i s\u044c m\u011bstom\u044c i s\u044c megjami i s\u044c vs\u011bmi pravinami. Mla\u010dice s\u044c zemlom\u044c, \u0161to je dal\u044c svety kral\u044c; a mega zemli toi \u014dd\u044c Nikiforca kako grede put\u044c na \u014dpogor\u044c pr\u011bz livadu u Kraljevu pek\u044c i u Bivol\u044c Brod\u044c. I Staroga \u017delina polovina s\u044c megjami i s\u044c cr\u044ckoviju. Selo Ht\u011btovo i Hra\u0161tani, Mla\u010dice i s\u044c zeml\u014dm\u044c. Selo Dr\u011bnov\u044cc\u044c, Brod\u044cc\u044c, Sedlarevo i s\u044c Izbicami. I u Gornjem\u044c Poloz\u011b selo \u0160ten\u02bc\u010de, i s\u044c Vl\u044ckovn\u014dm\u044c). The founder and funerary inscription of Abbot Ioanikij, probably made between the years 1346 and 1355, gives account about the appointment of Ioanikij as Bishop of the Lower Polog after the Skopje assembly in 1346. Although the inscription mentions only one bishop of the Lower Polog , sources from the 16th century suggest that Polog was a singular church district, not divided in two units (i prizva patriarha bl\u044cgarskago i arhiepiskupa sr\u044cbskago i\u014danikija i stvori zbor\u044c u skopi i blagoslovi\u0161e ego na car\u044cski san\u044c i byst\u044c prvonastolny car\u044c srbskoi zemli i gr\u010dkoi i pomorskoi arhiepiskupa i\u014danikija blagoslovi\u0161e na patriarhiju srbskoi zemli v\u044c to carstvo blagoslovi\u0161e an\u044ctonija na episkupstvo dolnemu pologu prvonastolna po izvoleniju bo\u017eiju pr\u011btvori\u0161e ime jemu i\u014danikie pone\u017ee n\u011be bilo pr\u011bge episkup\u044c poloz\u011b)."}], "when": {"timespans": [{"start": {"earliest": "1082-06-01T00:00:00", "latest": "1082-12-21T00:00:00", "comment": null}, "end": {"earliest": "1346-01-01T00:00:00", "latest": "1355-12-31T00:00:00", "comment": null}}]}, "types": [{"identifier": "https://openatlas.maps-of-power.at/api/entity/22385", "label": "Region", "descriptions": null, "hierarchy": "Place > Topographical Entity", "typeHierarchy": [{"identifier": "https://openatlas.maps-of-power.at/api/entity/73", "label": "Place", "description": null}, {"identifier": "https://openatlas.maps-of-power.at/api/entity/81", "label": "Topographical Entity", "description": null}], "value": null, "unit": null}, {"identifier": "https://openatlas.maps-of-power.at/api/entity/9962", "label": "Byzantino-Serbian Border Zones in Transition (1282\u20131355)", "descriptions": null, "hierarchy": "Case study", "typeHierarchy": [{"identifier": "https://openatlas.maps-of-power.at/api/entity/8240", "label": "Case study", "description": null}], "value": null, "unit": null}, {"identifier": "https://openatlas.maps-of-power.at/api/entity/8243", "label": "Historical Region of Macedonia", "descriptions": null, "hierarchy": "Case study", "typeHierarchy": [{"identifier": "https://openatlas.maps-of-power.at/api/entity/8240", "label": "Case study", "description": null}], "value": null, "unit": null}, {"identifier": "https://openatlas.maps-of-power.at/api/entity/5563", "label": "Political", "descriptions": null, "hierarchy": "Sign of Power", "typeHierarchy": [{"identifier": "https://openatlas.maps-of-power.at/api/entity/5562", "label": "Sign of Power", "description": null}], "value": null, "unit": null}, {"identifier": "https://openatlas.maps-of-power.at/api/entity/5565", "label": "Vertical Interaction", "descriptions": "Examples: Relationship between Ruler/Lord - Subordinates; the Lord gives Place X via a Donation (e.g. Charter); Subordinates have an Audience with the Ruler at Place X; etc.", "hierarchy": "Sign of Power > Political", "typeHierarchy": [{"identifier": "https://openatlas.maps-of-power.at/api/entity/5562", "label": "Sign of Power", "description": null}, {"identifier": "https://openatlas.maps-of-power.at/api/entity/5563", "label": "Political", "description": null}], "value": null, "unit": null}, {"identifier": "https://openatlas.maps-of-power.at/api/entity/189", "label": "North Macedonia", "descriptions": "The Prespa agreement, also known as the Prespes agreement, Prespa accord or Treaty of Prespa, is an agreement reached on 12 June 2018 between Greece and North Macedonia, under the United Nations' auspices, resolving a long-standing dispute over the latter's name.\r\nSigned beside Lake Prespa from which it took its name, and ratified by the parliaments of both countries by 25 January 2019, it went into force on 12 February 2019 when the two countries notified the UN of the deal's completion, following the ratification of the NATO accession protocol for North Macedonia on 8 February. 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